![]() Reread the essay later to see if these words provide the glue you needed at those points. Practice by inserting a tentative however, nevertheless, consequently. (For that same reason, there is no point in trying to memorize this vast list.) On the other hand, if you can read your entire essay and discover none of these transitional devices, then you must wonder what, if anything, is holding your ideas together. They must appear, naturally, where they belong, or they'll stick like a fishbone in your reader's craw. Here is a chart of the transitional devices (also called conjunctive adverbs or adverbial conjunctions) accompanied with a simplified definition of function (note that some devices appear with more than one definition): additionĪgain, also, and, and then, besides, equally important, finally, first, further, furthermore, in addition, in the first place, last, moreover, next, second, still, tooĪlso, in the same way, likewise, similarlyĪlthough, and yet, at the same time, but at the same time, despite that, even so, even though, for all that, however, in contrast, in spite of, instead, nevertheless, notwithstanding, on the contrary, on the other hand, otherwise, regardless, still, though, yetĪfter all, as an illustration, even, for example, for instance, in conclusion, indeed, in fact, in other words, in short, it is true, of course, namely, specifically, that is, to illustrate, thus, trulyĪll in all, altogether, as has been said, finally, in brief, in conclusion, in other words, in particular, in short, in simpler terms, in summary, on the whole, that is, therefore, to put it differently, to summarizeĪfter a while, afterward, again, also, and then, as long as, at last, at length, at that time, before, besides, earlier, eventually, finally, formerly, further, furthermore, in addition, in the first place, in the past, last, lately, meanwhile, moreover, next, now, presently, second, shortly, simultaneously, since, so far, soon, still, subsequently, then, thereafter, too, until, until now, whenĪ word of caution: Do not interlard your text with transitional expressions merely because you know these devices connect ideas. Restrictions against beginning a sentence with and or but are based on shaky grammatical foundations some of the most influential writers in the language have been happily ignoring such restrictions for centuries.* Over-used, beginning a sentence with a conjunction can be distracting, but the device can add a refreshing dash to a sentence and speed the narrative flow of your text. But often the initial conjunction calls attention to the sentence in an effective way, and that's just what you want. Isn't the conjunction at the beginning of the sentence a sign that the sentence should have been connected to the prior sentence? Well, sometimes, yes. However, the question whether one can begin a sentence with a small conjunction often arises. The use of the little conjunctions especially and and but comes naturally for most writers. Transitional tags run the gamut from the most simple the little conjunctions: and, but, nor, for, yet, or, (and sometimes) so to more complex signals that ideas are somehow connected the conjunctive adverbs and transitional expressions such as however, moreover, nevertheless, on the other hand.įor additional information on conjunctions, click HERE. There are four basic mechanical considerations in providing transitions between ideas: using transitional expressions, repeating key words and phrases, using pronoun reference, and using parallel form. You might be able to leap from one side of the stream to the other believe that your readers need some stepping stones and be sure to place them in readily accessible and visible spots. In fact, it's a good idea to assume not only that your readers need all the information that you have and need to know how you arrived at the point you're at, but also that they are not quite as quick as you are. You must never assume that your readers know what you know. Providing transitions between ideas is largely a matter of attitude. Unless readers can move easily from one thought to another, they will surely find something else to read or turn on the television. The most convincing ideas in the world, expressed in the most beautiful sentences, will move no one unless those ideas are properly connected.
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